Descartes And The Existence Of God Essays - Epistemology

Descartes And The Existence Of God Once Descartes has realized that he can know with certainty that I exist is true, he continues to build on his foundation of truths. The truth about the nature of God, proof of Gods existence, and the nature of corporeal objects are considered, among others, after Descartes proves his existence. Descartes principal task in the Meditations was to devise a system that would bring him to the truth. He wanted to build a foundation from which all further philosophical inquiry could be built. It was essential that his beliefs were sound. If any one of them were at all in doubt, then it put the credibility of the whole structure of knowledge in jeopardy. I will discuss a few of the topics Descartes analyzes after his epiphany of existence. Throughout the essay, I will raise some doubts that I have pertaining to Descartes conclusions as well. In his second meditation, when Descartes pushes the method of doubt to its fullest extent, several truths survive; since these cannot be doubted Descartes must know them. The first of these is that I exist. The second truth, when Descartes asks what am I? caught my attention. I found it odd that he tests potential answers by asking whether he can doubt them. The test appears strange because ones ability to doubt something doesnt normally show that it is false. If I can doubt that I have the hairiest legs at West Virginia University, does it follow that I do not? It is later when Descartes rephrases his answer, and so his question, in terms of what is inseparable from my nature, that I realized that the question was special. When he proceeds to say I am now admitting nothing except what is necessarily true, I finally saw that the apparently ordinary question was really a question about what is essential to my being what I am. To test what a characteristics being essential to some kind of thing is, I just have to consistently imagine the thing without that characteristic. If I can coherently imagine a unicorn without a horn on its forehead, then having a horn would not be essential to being a unicorn; for if it were, I could not have imagined it. When Descartes claims to know I am only a thinking being, what he says he knows is an abstract truth about his nature. And so this piece of knowledge is similar to almost all of the other things which he will subsequently find that it knows: it is a necessary truth regarding a certain kind of things having a particular nature or essence. I do not find it plausible that propositions concerning my own mental state are incorrigible to me. I do believe, however, that it is possible to make mistakes about my own beliefs and desires. I might falsely believe that I like the taste of beer, when really I hate it, but pretend to everyone including myself that I like it, so I can be one of the crowd at a party. Another example would be if my roommate knew that her boyfriend was cheating on her after finding a bra in his bed but chose to ignore it, she somehow pretends to herself that he is faithful; but in fact she believes he might not be. She believes he is faithful. He is not faithful. His faithfulness is not incorrigible. Descartes realization that he exists also leads to his proof of how he is able to be certain about his conclusions. Descartes reflects on the arguments of the second meditation, and asks: what is it about the argument which made me so certain about it? He says that it is the clarity and distinctness of his perception of it. After coming to the conclusion of self-existence, Descartes examines the knowledge of corporeal things as opposed to knowledge of the mind. Suppose that I were to have knowledge about a material thing. As Descartes used wax as an example, it possesses various qualities and characteristics in its different states of matter. When solid, as Descartes illustrates, it has a particular shape, hard smooth texture, slightly sweet smell, and a sound from rapping on it; these

The Disaster of September 11th essays

The Disaster of September 11th essays Due to the horrendous act of violence that was brought upon our nation the past year many loyal citizens have wondered, why did this happen and what will it bring forth on to us? The explanation for this question is not easily answered and may never be, but we do know somewhat of is going on and someday hopefully we will learn the truth and solve our worst problem, terrorism. After the recent terrorist attach of September 11th there have been many question from the public about how and why such a tragedy could happen in the America, the place that most people feel is the biggest superpower of in the world. There are many reasons for this happening one such reason is the fact that most of the Third World countries are in poverty. The effect of not having enough money to meet your basic needs like food and shelter drive these people, terrorist, to become jealous of the wealth of the U.S. The U.S. has what is thought to be the best economic system; we have economic freedom and very good stability. Another reason for this attack is believed to be rapidly growing population. This means, that supplies of fertile land, pasture, firewood, and water are increasingly inadequate to meet the demand (Hammond). Since this is happening many countries are getting poorer and it is also causing ethnic tensions. Afghanistan is highly dependent on farming and raising livestock such as: sheep and goats. Since the population of Afghanistan is increasing at such a tremendous rate there is not enough room for all the people who live there and the land needed to grow crops and raise livestock. Soon they will run out of room and starvation and malnutrition will set in. Next, there is the fact of the breakdown in the government. The fact that the CIA was the only organization that took the threat from Osama bin Laden seriously (Zakaria) very freighting. During the Clinton administration the ...