Calculate Energy Required to Turn Ice Into Steam

This worked example problem demonstrates how to calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of a sample that includes changes in phase. This problem finds the energy required to turn cold ice into hot steam. Ice to Steam Energy Problem What is the heat in Joules required to convert 25 grams of -10  °C ice into 150  °C steam?Useful information:heat of fusion of water 334 J/gheat of vaporization of water 2257 J/gspecific heat of ice 2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °Cspecific heat of water 4.18 J/g ·Ã‚ °Cspecific heat of steam 2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °CSolution:The total energy required is the sum of the energy to heat the -10  °C ice to 0  °C ice, melting the 0  °C ice into 0  °C water, heating the water to 100  °C, converting 100  °C water to 100  °C steam and heating the steam to 150  °C. To get the final value, first calculate the individual energy values and then add them up.Step 1: Heat required to raise the temperature of ice from -10  °C to 0  °C Use the formulaq mcΔTwhereq heat energym massc specific heatΔT change in temperatureq (25 g)x(2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)[(0  °C - -10  °C)]q (25 g)x(2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)x(10  °C)q 522.5 JHeat required to raise the temperature of ice from -10  °C to 0  °C 522.5 JStep 2: Heat required to convert 0  °C ice to 0  °C waterUse the formula for heat:q m ·ÃŽâ€Hfwhereq heat energym massΔHf heat of fusionq (25 g)x(334 J/g)q 8350 JHeat required to convert 0  °C ice to 0  °C water 8350 JStep 3: Heat required to raise the temperature of 0  °C water to 100  °C waterq mcΔTq (25 g)x(4.18 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)[(100  °C - 0  °C)]q (25 g)x(4.18 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)x(100  °C)q 10450 JHeat required to raise the temperature of 0  °C water to 100  °C water 10450 JStep 4: Heat required to convert 100  °C water to 100  °C steamq m ·ÃŽâ€Hvwhereq heat energym massΔHv heat of vaporizationq (25 g)x(2257 J/g)q 56425 JHeat required to convert 100  °C water to 100  °C steam 56425Step 5: Heat required to convert 100  °C steam to 150  °C steamq mcΔTq (25 g)x(2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)[(150  °C - 100  °C)]q (25 g)x(2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)x(50  °C)q 2612.5 JHeat required to convert 100  °C steam to 150  °C steam 2612.5Step 6: Find total heat energyHeatTotal HeatStep 1 HeatStep 2 HeatStep 3 HeatStep 4 HeatStep 5HeatTotal 522.5 J 8350 J 10450 J 56425 J 2612.5 JHeatTotal 78360 JAnswer:The heat required to convert 25 grams of -10  °C ice into 150  °C steam is 78360 J or 78.36 kJ.

Business Law Case Anaylsis Outline - 1068 Words

Outline I. General Facts a. Jennifer, William’s wife, has a friend Thomas who is a promoter for a corporation dealing with e-learning services that is in the process of incorporating and needs a real estate agent to purchase assets for which Jennifer has agreed to do. b. Jennifer found a property and was able to have the seller and the buyer sign all the necessary paper work for the contract to be sent off to be closed. i. The conditions of the closing were that there was no deposit to be paid but that a special clause was to be included. c. When the closing date arrived, Thomas, representing his un-incorporated business, did not have the funds. II. Facts relevant to legal issue a. The buyer was not able to fulfill the contract.†¦show more content†¦e. William stumbles upon Marks application and notices that the section asking if you have ever been arrested was not filled out. VIII. Ethical issue a. The ethical issue is whether William should inform his supervisor about Mark’s behavior and application mishap. IX. Analysis a. Know your facts i. Mark’s unethical behavior, lying on the application. b. State the issue i. Should William tell his boss? c. Analyze and support i. Utilitarianism – â€Å"Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for greatest number of people† (Ethics Textbook, pg. 8) ii. It benefits more stakeholders if he tells iii. None of the things that were spilled to William by Mark that night could make a good impression of him nor will it benefit the company as stated in the company’s code of ethics. d. Answer with logic i. He should tell his supervisor before Mark officially begins work. ii. Effects 1. Personal life – William/Mark relationship 2. William’s relationship with his supervisor 3. Mark’s potential relationship with his co-workers 4. The company’s image in and out of the workplace X. Conclusion/recommendation a. I recommend for William to tell his supervisor about the information that he learned about Mark at the pub in order to save himself from humiliation as well as the time and efforts lost by the company for bringing in an employee who is not ethically fit to work for the company. b. I had a personal incident veryShow MoreRelatedIpo : A Case Of Alibaba Ipo9878 Words   |  40 Pagesprocess – A case of Alibaba IPO ç ³ » åˆ « å› ½Ã©â„¢â€¦Ã¥â€¢â€ Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã©â„¢ ¢ ä ¸â€œ ä ¸Å¡ Ã¥ · ¥Ã¥â€¢â€ Ã§ ® ¡Ã§ â€  Ã¥ §â€œ Ã¥   Gabriela Garcia Soesanto æ” »Ã¨ ¯ »Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã¤ ½  ç ® ¡Ã§ â€ Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã¥ £ « Ã¥ ¯ ¼ Ã¥ ¸Ë† Prof. Ren Kang Yu Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã§ ¨ ¿Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å"Ÿ 2015 Ã¥ ¹ ´ 6 æÅ"ˆ 8 æâ€" ¥ Study on IPO process– A case of Alibaba IPO A Thesis Submitted To International Business School of Beijing

Gothic Literature the Fascination with Terror Free Essays

Traci L. Pugh Dr. Amber Reagan-Kendrick ENG 45023-SU-2012-OA Seminar in American Literature 8 August 2012 Gothic Literature: The Fascination with Terror People have an intrinsic fear of the dark and the unknown. We will write a custom essay sample on Gothic Literature: the Fascination with Terror or any similar topic only for you Order Now While each person’s level of anxiety and object of terror are different, the fascination to reveal them has inspired Gothic authors such as Mary Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe, Stephen King, and Stephenie Meyer for three centuries. Subjects of these classic tales include vampires, reanimation of the dead, ghosts, murder, witches, and love. These stories and poems can terrify audiences because they can encompass reality of things people cherish with a twist of the impossible. Gothic writers use terror, mystery, and excitement to probe the dark aspects of life by exposing inner human fear. Mary Shelley was a Romantic Gothic author, and it is speculated that Frankenstein symbolizes â€Å"internal conflicts and life experiences with what may have been their manifestations in the fictionalized characters she created† (D’Amato 117). She was orphaned at an early age, and death was no stranger to her due to the deaths of her sister and her husband’s first wife. Mary feared giving birth, mainly because her mother died eleven days after giving birth to her, but D’ Amato proposes that she â€Å"may have believed any child she produced would inherit the repressed, hated, and destructive parts of herself† (122). Shelley’s work may have mirrored her life, but it was common for Gothic authors of this time to write about â€Å"the nation’s dreams, and their own† (â€Å"Gothic Undercurrents†). The early nineteenth century was a time of fear due to rapid changes in the nation: abolition, the Great Depression, war, and the bank crisis. These events gave Americans the feeling that â€Å"life was an experiment that had gone horribly wrong,† and these writers explored this fear with prose (â€Å"Gothic Undercurrents†). This newfound style of writing exposed the dark side of humanity, but it also questioned the mystery of unsolvable problems. These works probed the demons of the nation and the writers. Frankenstein began as Mary Shelley’s dream in 1816, and her tale of loneliness, reanimating the dead, murder, guilt, and revenge has been dubbed a literary classic. The main character, Victor Frankenstein, believes he has discovered the secret of life and proclaims, â€Å"Darkness had no effect upon my fancy; and a church-yard was to me merely the receptacle of bodies deprived of life, which, from being the seat of beauty and strength, had become food for the worm† (Shelley 79). Once the monster is created, it feels abandoned and starts killing. The creature inadvertently causes the death of an innocent girl. Victor realizes his creation is lonely, and nothing more than an abomination, so he decides to destroy it. A journey into the mountains ensues, but a crack in the ice divides their paths. When Frankenstein dies, the monster comes to see him and says, â€Å"Blasted as thou wert, my agony was still superior to thine; for the bitter sting of remorse may not cease to rankle in my wounds until death shall close them for ever† (Shelley 244). This story reveals the idea that the dead, once reanimated, are like an angry child who lashes out at a parent who has betrayed them. The feeling of abandonment was what Shelley tried to capture in this morbid tale of love and loss, and this theme would continue with future authors. Edgar Allan Poe, considered a Victorian Gothic, was also an orphan whose life seemed to be full of disaster. He suffered an unmerciful surrogate father, was kicked out of the University of Virginia, dropped out of West Point, married his thirteen year old cousin, and lived in poverty with his freelance lifestyle (Doctorow 241). The driving force behind his work was that he embraced his own misery because he believed that his suffering was natural. His stories were written in the mid-nineteenth century, and people were still afraid of their uncertain futures. Poe used this to his benefit in what he called, â€Å"Imp of the Perverse – the force within us that causes us to do just what brings on our destruction† (241). This kind of thinking was the basis for many of his stories, and most of his characters were the reason for their own problems and demise. Poe â€Å"worked hard at structuring his tales of aristocratic madmen, self-tormented murderers, neurasthenic necrophiliacs, and other deviant types to produce the greatest possible horrific effects on his readers† (Baym 674). He was quite successful in this endeavor, as most people associate Poe’s name with dark, horrific, murderous tales. His â€Å"Philosophy of Composition† tells of his belief that â€Å"the supreme subject for a poem is the death of a beautiful woman† (Doctorow 242). This is evident in one of his most famous poems, â€Å"The Raven. † Possibly one of Poe’s most maddening poems, â€Å"The Raven† is rhythmic and could be set to music with constant mention of the door, Lenore, evermore, and nevermore. The use of vivid imagery causes the reader to see this black raven sitting on the door pecking at it. The main character is a man grieving for his lost love, Lenore, and he believes the knocking sound is her returning. The raven says but one word, â€Å"Nevermore. † The man wonders what this means, and asks the bird if it is a messenger from God or the devil. Again the Raven says, â€Å"Nevermore. † Spiraling into madness and grief, he begs the bird, â€Å"Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door. Quoth the Raven, ‘Nevermore’† (Poe 74). The Raven stays at the door and forever torments the man with his repetitive call. This uncertainty about death was a Gothic specialty, and the introduction of animals and their mysterious qualities would prove to inspire future writers. A century later, tales of Modern Horror would build on their macabre roots and incorporate popular culture to terrify readers like never before. Stephen King, often named the master of horror, has petrified audiences with tales of demonic cars, possessed children, undead pets and people, aliens, and the inherent evil in all people. King’s inspiration stems from â€Å"his own life experiences and fantasies, popular culture, and his reading of archaic burial lore† (Nash 151). Even though most literary critics do not agree with his writing style, horror fans are mesmerized by the images he creates. King and Shelley both play on fears â€Å"such as the problematic nature and popular fear of science and technology† (151), but King is â€Å"more willing to tackle explicitly cultural issues as opposed to the traditional Gothic preoccupation with personality and character† (152). Many of King’s stories concentrate on a fear of the dead, but they also raise the question of whether the dead want to come back and the consequences that follow. Love is a powerful thing and people never want to let go of a loved one, but at what expense are they willing to have that person back? Stephen King’s scariest tale, Pet Sematary, asks and answers this very question by illustrating a modern family and the horrific, yet normal, happenings that tear the family apart and invoke the need for the supernatural. The Creeds move to a new house in Maine to start a new life. Mr. Creed is a doctor at the University, and he befriends the old neighbor next door. The neighbor tells of an Indian burial ground beyond the pet cemetery where the dead can come back. The family cat, Church, is killed by a truck on the busy road in front of the house, and Mr. Creed desperately buries the body in the â€Å"magic circle† of the burial ground to keep from telling this horror to his daughter. The cat comes back to life, but is â€Å"changed, if not psychotic† (Nash 156). Soon, the youngest son, Gage, meets the same disastrous fate as the cat. The father is consumed with grief and frantically buries the little boy in the same place. Gage comes back in the same fashion as the cat and kills his mother and the neighbor. Even though the father is a doctor, and knows what the monster that resembles his son is capable of, he again makes a journey to the burial ground to bury his wife. He sits and waits for her to arrive. Love makes people desperate and willing to cross unrealistic boundaries in order to escape pain. Writers have used the connection between love and death to explore new avenues in horror. Stephenie Meyer has spellbound audiences with her Twilight series by introducing us to a world of supernatural beings, jealousy, ancient pacts, and love. Much like her Gothic predecessors, Meyers uses her dreams and popular culture to inspire her tales. Her vampires differ from the earlier versions in that â€Å"our vampires reflect our fears of new, changing or dissolved boundaries† (Mutch 76). New topics, such as â€Å"violent intolerance in the U. S. and elsewhere† are revealed by her characters going â€Å"to great lengths to hide their true identity† (78). This new generation of creatures reflect the thirst for blood and supernatural strength of the original monsters that began this era, but a regard for human life sets these apart. The overall view of the Twilight series, by Stephenie Meyer, is that love conquers all, even death. Much like Gothic literature itself, this story involves centuries of vampires hiding from the light to maintain existence among their prey. The human girl, Bella, is in love with a vampire, Edward, and they know that being together is impossible. She is willing to end her life and join his dark world, but he is unwilling to claim her mortality. In the same spirit as Frankenstein, Edward sees his creator as a father figure, but laments his own vile existence. It is revealed that her best friend, Jacob, who is also in love with her, is a werewolf. The vampires and the werewolves have a pact, but it will be breached if Bella joins the vampires. There are constant struggles between the humans, vampires, and the werewolves, but the undying love between Bella and Edward is unyielding. The two finally marry, and a baby is conceived that almost kills Bella. Although he has fought it diligently, Edward is forced to ferociously inject his venom into her lifeless body to save her in childbirth. The baby is half vampire and human, and instantly demonstrates supernatural powers, and captivates Jacob, which ends the battle between the coven and the clan. The book ends with a glimpse into the beauty of becoming a vampire when Bella remembers the first moments after she wakes as a newborn vampire: â€Å"his face when I’d opened my eyes to my new life, to the endless dawn of immortality . . . that first kiss . . . that first night . . . † (Meyer 753). The Twilight series is a love story with interjections of paranormal powers and the desire to want the things that cannot be obtained. This tale has consumed many and launched the â€Å"Twihard† generation. Meyer made vampires and werewolves vicious and bloodthirsty, but beautiful; unlike their nineteenth century counterparts, who burst into flames in the sunlight and transformed into hideous, drooling monsters, these beautiful creatures glitter in the sunlight and resemble overgrown dogs. Although Meyer made this less horrific than older horror stories, her series encouraged younger generations to discover the beauty of literature again. Stephen King once said, â€Å"Death is a mystery, and burial is a secret† (9). Although it is often grotesque, demonic, and depraved, people have an inherent need to explore the divide between good and evil, the known and unknown, and this world and the next. These tales have endured, yet changed, over the last three centuries. Future writers of the macabre will most assuredly follow in their predecessors’ footsteps and adapt to cultural changes in their own style. As long as people have inner demons, there will be a need for writers to expose them. Even though these horror classics are classified as fiction, what makes them terrifying is that they mimic the reality of everyday life. Works Cited Baym, Nina, ed. â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe. † The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 7th ed. Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 2008. 671-674. Print. D’Amato, Barbara. â€Å"Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: an orphaned author’s dream and journey toward integration. † Modern Psychoanalysis. 34. 1 (2009): 117-135. Web. 7 Aug 2012. Doctrow, E. L. â€Å"Our Edgar. † Virginia Quarterly Review. 82. 4 (2006): 240-247. Web 7 Aug 2012. â€Å"Gothic Undercurrents. † American Passages: A Literary Survey. Annenberg Learner, n. d. Web 7 Aug 2012. King, Stephen. Pet Sematary. 1st ed. New York: Doubleday Company, Inc. , 1984. Print. Meyer, Stephenie. Breaking Dawn. st ed. New York: Atom Books, 2009. Print. Mutch, Deborah. â€Å"Coming Out of the Coffin: The Vampire and Transnationalism in the Twilight and Sookie Stackhouse Series. † Critical Survey. 23. 2 (2011): 75-90. Web. 7 Aug 2012. Nash, Jesse. â€Å"Postmodern Gothic: Stephen King’s Pet Sem atary. † Journal of Popular Culture. 30. 4 (1997): 151-160. Web. 7 Aug 2012. Poe, Edgar Allan. The Complete Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe With Selections From His Critical Writings. Expanded. New York: Barnes Noble, Inc. Alfre A. Knopf. Inc.. 1992. Print. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. 2nd ed. Ontario: Broadview Press, 1999. Print. How to cite Gothic Literature: the Fascination with Terror, Papers

Performance Appraisal and Organizational Productivity - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Performance Appraisal and Organizational Productivity. Answer: Introduction: Key elements of the human resource practices in any organization are the human resources and the operating systems. The management aims to get an effective co-ordination of operating systems and human resources. This management of human resources is practiced by the HR management team of the organization. Management practises many activities in order to maintain this co-ordination between the human resources and operating systems. During these practices the job satisfaction of employees is very important to get the most efficient output of the employees. One of these practices, appraisal of the employee performance, is an activity of much importance. Since employees play a vital role for the company in determining its survival(Szlavicz, Berber Lekovic 2014). This appraisal is associated with the responsibilities and roles of the employees, to make them perform at their highest level of efficiency and effectiveness. The effectiveness and efficiency of the employees has been improves as a result of constructive performance appraisal. Organizations use different appraisal methods and approaches of their respective advantages and disadvantages. While working as a HR director I used the contemporary approach, for the performance appraisal of the employees, which was associated with the employees as individuals. I used this performance appraisal as the contribution to the development and motivation to the employees as well as a human resources planning activity. This appraisal, in a contemporary approach, emphasized the employees that they have lot of potentials which can be explored and expanded. In terms of roles and responsibilities, to perform at the highest efficiency of individuals work competencies, this performance appraisal was more constructive. This appraisal involved two key elements, named as, ratees and raters. These elements were essential to conduct the appraisal but both of these elements needed to refer to the same vision and mission of the respective organization. The whole activity of rates and raters was supervised by the board of directors. As a HR director I had to conduct these activities but the super vision was needed from all the members of board of director. Therefore, I selected the member of board of directors as the Appraiser for this appraisal as their designation itself would create the psychological motivation to the employees. The measurement of an appraisal can be categorised into three different activities as measuring Traits, Behaviours and Results(Ahmad Bujang 2013). In my appraisal programme I had used the second one that is the behaviour. This method of measurement, in an appraisal programme, is known as Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale method. This method was initially designed to analyse the benefits of both quantitative and qualitative data of the employees for their assessment in the performance appraisal programme. BARS compare the performance of an individual against the specific elements of the behaviour which are anchored in the form of numerical ratings on a scale (HRZ 2018). Performance appraisal is defined as a continuous process in which all the raters will judge the rate their ratees. Although raters review the performance quarterly, ratees will be observed consistently for the entire working period(Cintron Flaniken 2018). As an HR director I had selected the HR executives as the raters and the 400 employees working the organization as the ratees for this appraisal. The evaluation of the ratees should be on the basis of some specified standards for the better understanding the evaluating statement to the raters and articulated for the people(Paul et al. 2014). These standards are important for several reasons like; to achieve the goal of the organization, to motivate the individual or a team for efficient performance, and these standards can also be used to weight and measure the performance impact of the employee. In this process monitoring of the employees was done on a timely basis. This monitoring is important to ensure that the impact and enhanc ement in the performance of individuals is continuous and during this time organization becomes the learning organization. Both the individuals and team members play an important role for the organization to achieve its goal and the vision. But in the appraisal context the individuals performance is powerful in comparison to the team members performance(Chattopadhayay Rachana Ghosh 2012). This difference between the weightage of both entities is because the appraisal is lesser towards the group reward than the individual reward system. Appraisal interview is a much significant part of appraisal process. This is a quick on-job communication as well as a feedback process and defined as a periodic activity. Generally this interview is conducted between the employee and his/her supervisor or rater. Before this interview the rater will gather some information about the ratee like; has employee accomplished the organizations target or not(Mahajan 2014). The interview is a discussion between the rater and ratee focusing on the core business of the ratee as well as the other activities which will relate the ratee with his job description or profile. Training can be identified as an important factor in many objectives of the performance appraisal process such as, to uplift the credibility of whole process of appraisal, it can develop the skills, knowledge and capabilities of the raters in performing their role, to deal with new issues and to cease the repeating problems(kadiresan et al. 2015). In this way this training can be beneficial for the organization as well as the appraisal process too. For this training requirement I formed a team of experts who were experienced and skilled as well. These experts were assigned to provide the essential training to the employees to enhance their efficiency and effectiveness for the appraisal. All the required training and motivation were provided for a fair and effective appraisal but one of the most difficult requirements was that it was completely free from bias. Being a human being, raters could not deny the fact that bias was involved in their decision making. In this involvement of bi as, there is only one thing that the raters could do was to minimize the level of unfairness as much as possible. For this I made clear instructions too to the raters. As the performance appraisal process is an over-all quality measurement, in this practice it is required that the team meeting should merge the planning and feedback of the employees. In my appraisal programme I organised meeting with raters and ratees on a timely basis. In those meetings, the motive was not to set any goals for the ratees or raters but the aim was to discuss different ideas from different minds to improve the performance of ratees and to enhance the satisfaction of employees towards the appraisal. In performance appraisal programmes a win-win situation is the main goal of negotiation. In appraisal programmes, when a solution found is beneficial for both the rater as well as the ratee then this is called a win-win situation. While I was practicing this activity there were three win-win situations aroused during the whole activity. All three situations were beneficial for all the candidates, participating in the activity, as a motivating source. It is indicated in several studies that the appraisal needs to be user-friendly for supervisees and supervisors. To ensure this appraisal to be a user-friendly I considered many factors like; content rated documentation was provided, ease of use I provided the questions which were easy to answer maintaining the quality, time ratees were rated on the amount of time they took to answer all the questions etc. There were many challenges which aroused while I was performing the performance appraisal activity. The complete list of those challenges is as The main problem while practicing this activity was the unfairness of the evaluation by the raters. The bias nature of humans also influenced the problem and this problem can lead the system to dissatisfaction in terms accuracy in evaluation. The raters for this appraisal were not so skilled and experienced which influenced the dissatisfaction of appraisal. I provided a formal form followed by the standards, to the raters, to minimise the issue. The performance appraisal was very successful for the enhancement of efficiency and effectiveness of the employees within the company. This practice makes me to experience new challenges in HR managing practices. During this practice I got to know more about the employees and their behaviour. At the same time I observed the thinking of employees for their colleagues too. All these outcomes of the practice made it successful for business as well as for me. The prior motive of this appraisal was to enhance the productivity of the company by enhancing the efficiency of employees but I got other complementary outcomes for my individual experience too. Therefore, this practice performance appraisal was much beneficial for me and I conclude my experience as one of the most productive experiences for me in my entire professional period as a HR director till now. References Unsupported source type (InternetSite) for source HRZ18. Ahmad, R Bujang, S 2013, 'Issuea and Challenges in the Practice of Performance Appraisal Activities in 21st Century', Internationaal Journal of Education and Research, vol 1, no. 4, pp. 1-8. Chattopadhayay Rachana Ghosh, K 2012, 'Performance Appraisal Based on a Forced Districution System: Its Drawbacks and Remedies', International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol 61, no. 8, pp. 881-896. Cintron, R Flaniken, F 2018, 'Performance Appraisal: A Supervision or Leadership Tool ?', International Journal of Business and Social Science, vol 2, no. 17, pp. 29-37. kadiresan, V, Selamat, MH, Selladurai, S, SPR, C Mohamad, RKMH 2015, 'Performance Appraisal and Training and Development of HumanResource Management Practices (HRM) on Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention', Journal of Asian Social Science, vol 11, no. 24, pp. 162-176. Mahajan, S 2014, 'Examine Relationship between Employee Satisfaction on Performance Appraisal System with Reduction of Rater's Error', The International Journal of Business and Management, vol 2, no. 1, pp. 34-38. Paul , SO, Abeguki, O-OE, Hezekiah, F Ifiavor, DJ 2014, 'Modelling the Relationship between Performance Appraisal and Organizational Productivity in Nigerian Public Secctoe', International Journal of Research in Management, vol 4, no. 6, pp. 59-74. Szlavicz, A, Berber, N Lekovic, B 2014, 'Performance Management in International Human Resource Management', Serbian Journal of Management, vol 9, no. 1, pp. 45-58.